jsonANYjsonstring
json
"hello"Strings must use double quotes in standard JSON.
JSON Types and Values
Examples and edge cases for strings, numbers, booleans, null, arrays, and objects in JSON.
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Copy the compact sheet, download it, or print it.
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Primitive values
JSON has a small, fixed set of primitive value types.
jsonANYjsonnumber
json
123.45JSON has a single number type; parsers may map it differently by language.
jsonANYjsonboolean
json
true`True` and `False` are invalid in JSON.
jsonANYjsonnull
json
nullUseful for partial updates, missing values, and API responses.
jsonANYjsonbooleannull
json
{
"enabled": false,
"nickname": null
}`false` means the feature is disabled. `null` means there is no value.
Number gotchas
Common JSON number formats that trip people up.
jsonANYjsonnumberssyntax
json
{
"count": 7
}`007` is invalid JSON.
jsonANYjsonnumbersscientific-notation
json
{
"distance": 1.23e6
}Useful for large or very small numeric values.
jsonANYjsonnumbersinvalid
json
{
"value": 0
}Some JavaScript values do not serialize into standard JSON as raw literals.
bashANYjsonjqtypes
bash
jq 'type' <<< '123'Helpful when checking how a parser sees a value after serialization.
String gotchas
Escapes, Unicode, and practical string examples.
jsonANYjsonstringescape
json
{
"message": "She said \"hello\""
}Unescaped double quotes end the string and break parsing.
jsonANYjsonstringnewlinetab
json
{
"text": "line 1
line 2\tindented"
}Use escaped characters rather than raw line breaks inside a JSON string.
jsonANYjsonstringunicode
json
{
"currency": "\u20AC"
}`€` represents the euro symbol.
More in JSON
JSONL and NDJSON
Newline-delimited JSON patterns for logs, streams, ETL, and large-file processing workflows.
JSON API Payload Patterns
Reusable JSON payload shapes for APIs: envelopes, pagination, errors, metadata, partial updates, and event-style messages.
JSON Schema Validation
Practical JSON Schema examples for required fields, types, enums, arrays, nested objects, and validation workflows.
JSON Formatting, Minifying, and Pretty-Printing
Commands and patterns for compact JSON, human-readable formatting, stable sorting, and terminal-friendly inspection.
JSON Validation and Common Errors
How to validate JSON, spot parse failures, repair common mistakes, and debug malformed payloads quickly.
JSON Escaping and Encoding
Escape sequences, Unicode, URLs, embedded JSON strings, and encoding pitfalls when storing or transporting JSON.