Linux Networking: Routing, VLANs, Bridges, and Tunnels

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Linux routing tables, policy routing, bridges, VLANs, bonds, and tunnel configuration commands.

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Routes and Gateways

Inspect and manipulate routing tables and policy routes.

Show routes

Display the main routing table.

↗#

bashLINUXiprouterouting

bash

ip route show

Display the main routing table.

Resolve route for destination

Show which route and source address will be used.

↗#

bashLINUXiproutediagnostics

bash

ip route get 8.8.8.8

Show which route and source address will be used.

Add default route

Set a default gateway.

↗#

bashLINUXiproutegateway

bash

sudo ip route add default via 192.168.1.1 dev eth0

Set a default gateway.

Delete default route

Remove the default gateway.

↗#

bashLINUXiproutegateway

bash

sudo ip route del default

Remove the default gateway.

Add static route

Add a route for a remote network.

↗#

bashLINUXiproutestatic

bash

sudo ip route add 10.20.0.0/16 via 192.168.1.254 dev eth0

Add a route for a remote network.

Delete static route

Remove a static route.

↗#

bashLINUXiproutestatic

bash

sudo ip route del 10.20.0.0/16

Remove a static route.

Show policy routing rules

Display source-based and policy routing rules.

↗#

bashLINUXippolicy-routingrules

bash

ip rule show

Display source-based and policy routing rules.

Add source routing rule

Route traffic from a source CIDR using a specific table.

↗#

bashLINUXippolicy-routingsource

bash

sudo ip rule add from 10.10.0.0/24 table 100

Route traffic from a source CIDR using a specific table.

Add route to custom table

Insert a route into an alternate routing table.

↗#

bashLINUXiproutetable

bash

sudo ip route add default via 10.10.0.1 dev eth1 table 100

Insert a route into an alternate routing table.

Run tracepath

Trace MTU and path to a host.

↗#

bashLINUXtracepathpathmtu

bash

tracepath example.com

Trace MTU and path to a host.

Run traceroute

Trace path hops to a host.

↗#

bashLINUXtraceroutepathhops

bash

traceroute example.com

Trace path hops to a host.

Bridges, VLANs, and Tunnels

Work with bridges, VLAN subinterfaces, bonds, and tunnels.

Show bridge ports

Display interfaces participating in Linux bridges.

↗#

bashLINUXbridgeportsswitching

bash

bridge link show

Display interfaces participating in Linux bridges.

Show bridge forwarding database

Inspect learned MAC addresses on bridges.

↗#

bashLINUXbridgefdbmac

bash

bridge fdb show

Inspect learned MAC addresses on bridges.

Create bridge

Create a software bridge device.

↗#

bashLINUXbridgecreateip

bash

sudo ip link add br0 type bridge

Create a software bridge device.

Attach interface to bridge

Add an interface as a bridge port.

↗#

bashLINUXbridgemasterinterface

bash

sudo ip link set eth1 master br0

Add an interface as a bridge port.

Create VLAN subinterface

Create a VLAN-tagged interface.

↗#

bashLINUXvlanipinterface

bash

sudo ip link add link eth0 name eth0.100 type vlan id 100

Create a VLAN-tagged interface.

Create bond

Create a bonding interface.

↗#

bashLINUXbondredundancyinterface

bash

sudo ip link add bond0 type bond mode active-backup

Create a bonding interface.

Create GRE tunnel

Create a GRE tunnel interface.

↗#

bashLINUXgretunnelip

bash

sudo ip tunnel add gre1 mode gre local 10.0.0.1 remote 10.0.0.2 ttl 255

Create a GRE tunnel interface.

Create VXLAN interface

Create a VXLAN tunnel device.

↗#

bashLINUXvxlanoverlaytunnel

bash

sudo ip link add vxlan100 type vxlan id 100 dev eth0 remote 10.0.0.2 dstport 4789

Create a VXLAN tunnel device.

Show ARP/neighbor cache

Display IPv4 ARP and IPv6 neighbor entries.

↗#

bashLINUXarpneighborip

bash

ip neigh show

Display IPv4 ARP and IPv6 neighbor entries.

ARP ping a host

Probe L2 reachability on the local subnet.

↗#

bashLINUXarpingl2reachability

bash

sudo arping -I eth0 192.168.1.1

Probe L2 reachability on the local subnet.

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