bashANYjobsbackground
bash
long_task &Launch a command as a background job.
Linux Signals and Job Control
Linux signals, process groups, shell job control, and safe batch-termination patterns.
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Shell Job Control
Move jobs between foreground and background from interactive shells.
bashANYjobsshell
bash
jobs -lShow background and stopped jobs with PIDs.
bashANYfgjobs
bash
fg %1Resume a job in the foreground.
bashANYbgjobs
bash
bg %1Continue a stopped job in the background.
bashANYjobssuspend
bash
# Press Ctrl+Z in the terminalSuspend the current foreground process group.
bashANYdisownjobs
bash
disown %1Prevent the shell from sending SIGHUP to the job on exit.
bashANYwaitshell
bash
wait 1234Block until a background PID exits.
bashANYwaitjobs
bash
wait %1Block until a shell job completes.
Signals Reference and Delivery
Work with standard Unix signals and process groups.
bashANYsignalstrapshell
bash
trap "echo caught INT" INTHandle a signal in a shell script.
bashANYkillprocess-group
bash
kill -- -1234Signal every process in a process group.
bashANYpkilloldest
bash
pkill -o -TERM myworkerSignal only the oldest matching process.
bashANYpkillnewest
bash
pkill -n -HUP nginxSignal the newest matching process.
bashANYpgrepcount
bash
pgrep -c sshdCount processes that match a pattern.
bashANYpkillusr1
bash
pkill -USR1 myappSend a custom signal to matching processes.
bashANYkillexistence-check
bash
kill -0 1234Check whether a process exists and whether you can signal it.
Batch Termination Patterns
Terminate groups of processes safely and predictably.
bashANYpkillexact
bash
pkill -x ssh-agentOnly match an exact process name.
bashANYpkillchildren
bash
pkill -P 1234Signal all child processes of a parent.
bashANYkillalluser
bash
killall -u alice pythonLimit killall by user and executable name.
bashANYkillallregex
bash
killall -r "worker[0-9]+"Use a regex pattern with killall where supported.
bashANYlsofxargskill
bash
lsof -ti :3000 | xargs -r -n1 kill -TERMCombine lsof and xargs to terminate port users.
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