Python Profiling and Troubleshooting Cheat Sheet

Profile Python programs, inspect memory and imports, and diagnose slow or stuck processes.

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## Startup and Import Troubleshooting

Show import statements as they happen

python -v app.py

# Print detailed import resolution activity.

Print site-package configuration

python -m site

# Inspect interpreter paths and site initialization.

## Performance Hotspots

Save cProfile output to a file

python -m cProfile -o profile.stats app.py

# Store profile stats for later analysis.

Inspect saved profile stats

import pstats

stats = pstats.Stats('profile.stats')
stats.sort_stats('cumtime').print_stats(30)

# Read and sort a saved profile run.

## Memory Growth

Show garbage collector stats

import gc

print(gc.get_count())
print(gc.get_stats())

# Inspect GC activity when memory grows unexpectedly.

Force a garbage collection cycle

import gc

unreachable = gc.collect()
print(unreachable)

# Useful for experiments while diagnosing leaks.

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