Indexes trade storage and write cost for faster reads.

Section: Core concepts

What an index does

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Index = extra data structure ordered by one or more keys so the engine can avoid scanning every row or document.
Explanation

Use indexes on columns or fields that appear frequently in `WHERE`, `JOIN`, `ORDER BY`, and uniqueness checks.

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Same sheet · prioritizing Core concepts
Prefer high-selectivity columns
Columns with many distinct values tend to benefit more.
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Remember the write cost
Every extra index must be maintained during inserts, updates, and deletes.
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Composite index left-prefix rule
Use column order that matches real filter patterns.
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Index joins and sorts too
Indexing is not just for filters.
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Index decision checklist
Use this checklist before creating a new index.
Measure with EXPLAIN before and after
Validate improvement instead of guessing.